Description
Direct and conduct instrumental or vocal performances by musical groups, such as orchestras or choirs.
Tasks
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Use gestures to shape the music being played, communicating desired tempo, phrasing, tone, color, pitch, volume, and other performance aspects.
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Direct groups at rehearsals and live or recorded performances in order to achieve desired effects such as tonal and harmonic balance dynamics, rhythm, and tempo.
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Plan and schedule rehearsals and performances, and arrange details such as locations, accompanists, and instrumentalists.
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Consider such factors as ensemble size and abilities, availability of scores, and the need for musical variety, in order to select music to be performed.
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Study scores to learn the music in detail, and to develop interpretations.
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Position members within groups to obtain balance among instrumental or vocal sections.
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Confer with clergy to select music for church services.
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Transcribe musical compositions and melodic lines to adapt them to a particular group, or to create a particular musical style.
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Audition and select performers for musical presentations.
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Meet with soloists and concertmasters to discuss and prepare for performances.
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Assign and review staff work in such areas as scoring, arranging, and copying music, and vocal coaching.
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Perform administrative tasks such as applying for grants, developing budgets, negotiating contracts, and designing and printing programs and other promotional materials.
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Plan and implement fund-raising and promotional activities.
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Coordinate and organize tours, or hire touring companies to arrange concert dates, venues, accommodations, and transportation for longer tours.
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Collaborate with music librarians to ensure availability of scores.
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Conduct guest soloists in addition to ensemble members.
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Meet with composers to discuss interpretations of their work.
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Engage services of composers to write scores.
Knowledge
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Fine Arts
— Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform works of music, dance, visual arts, drama, and sculpture.
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Education and Training
— Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects.
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Administration and Management
— Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.
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English Language
— Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.
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Psychology
— Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychological research methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders.
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Computers and Electronics
— Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.
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Communications and Media
— Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and methods. This includes alternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual media.
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Customer and Personal Service
— Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.
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Personnel and Human Resources
— Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, training, compensation and benefits, labor relations and negotiation, and personnel information systems.
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Philosophy and Theology
— Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their basic principles, values, ethics, ways of thinking, customs, practices, and their impact on human culture.
Skills
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Coordination
— Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
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Instructing
— Teaching others how to do something.
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Speaking
— Talking to others to convey information effectively.
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Monitoring
— Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.
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Active Listening
— Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
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Social Perceptiveness
— Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
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Learning Strategies
— Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.
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Active Learning
— Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.
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Time Management
— Managing one's own time and the time of others.
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Persuasion
— Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
Abilities
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Hearing Sensitivity
— The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch and loudness.
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Oral Expression
— The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.
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Fluency of Ideas
— The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas is important, not their quality, correctness, or creativity).
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Originality
— The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem.
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Speech Clarity
— The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
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Auditory Attention
— The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distracting sounds.
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Problem Sensitivity
— The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem.
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Oral Comprehension
— The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.
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Sound Localization
— The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
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Speech Recognition
— The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
Work Activities
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Thinking Creatively
— Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.
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Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships
— Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.
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Performing for or Working Directly with the Public
— Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving customers in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.
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Developing and Building Teams
— Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team members.
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Getting Information
— Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.
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Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others
— Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, or otherwise negotiating with others.
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Making Decisions and Solving Problems
— Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.
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Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates
— Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.
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Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work
— Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.
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Coaching and Developing Others
— Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherwise helping others to improve their knowledge or skills.
Work Context
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Work With Work Group or Team
— How important is it to work with others in a group or team in this job?
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Structured versus Unstructured Work
— To what extent is this job structured for the worker, rather than allowing the worker to determine tasks, priorities, and goals?
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Electronic Mail
— How often do you use electronic mail in this job?
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Importance of Being Exact or Accurate
— How important is being very exact or highly accurate in performing this job?
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Telephone
— How often do you have telephone conversations in this job?
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Face-to-Face Discussions
— How often do you have to have face-to-face discussions with individuals or teams in this job?
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Coordinate or Lead Others
— How important is it to coordinate or lead others in accomplishing work activities in this job?
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Indoors, Environmentally Controlled
— How often does this job require working indoors in environmentally controlled conditions?
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Frequency of Decision Making
— How frequently is the worker required to make decisions that affect other people, the financial resources, and/or the image and reputation of the organization?
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Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results
— How do the decisions an employee makes impact the results of co-workers, clients or the company?
Interests
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Artistic
— Artistic occupations frequently involve working with forms, designs and patterns. They often require self-expression and the work can be done without following a clear set of rules.
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Enterprising
— Enterprising occupations frequently involve starting up and carrying out projects. These occupations can involve leading people and making many decisions. Sometimes they require risk taking and often deal with business.
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Social
— Social occupations frequently involve working with, communicating with, and teaching people. These occupations often involve helping or providing service to others.
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Realistic
— Realistic occupations frequently involve work activities that include practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations require working outside, and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others.
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Investigative
— Investigative occupations frequently involve working with ideas, and require an extensive amount of thinking. These occupations can involve searching for facts and figuring out problems mentally.
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Conventional
— Conventional occupations frequently involve following set procedures and routines. These occupations can include working with data and details more than with ideas. Usually there is a clear line of authority to follow.
Work Style
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Leadership
— Job requires a willingness to lead, take charge, and offer opinions and direction.
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Dependability
— Job requires being reliable, responsible, and dependable, and fulfilling obligations.
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Integrity
— Job requires being honest and ethical.
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Self Control
— Job requires maintaining composure, keeping emotions in check, controlling anger, and avoiding aggressive behavior, even in very difficult situations.
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Concern for Others
— Job requires being sensitive to others' needs and feelings and being understanding and helpful on the job.
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Cooperation
— Job requires being pleasant with others on the job and displaying a good-natured, cooperative attitude.
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Social Orientation
— Job requires preferring to work with others rather than alone, and being personally connected with others on the job.
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Attention to Detail
— Job requires being careful about detail and thorough in completing work tasks.
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Adaptability/Flexibility
— Job requires being open to change (positive or negative) and to considerable variety in the workplace.
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Stress Tolerance
— Job requires accepting criticism and dealing calmly and effectively with high stress situations.
Work Values
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Achievement
— Occupations that satisfy this work value are results oriented and allow employees to use their strongest abilities, giving them a feeling of accomplishment. Corresponding needs are Ability Utilization and Achievement.
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Relationships
— Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employees to provide service to others and work with co-workers in a friendly non-competitive environment. Corresponding needs are Co-workers, Moral Values and Social Service.
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Independence
— Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employs to work on their own and make decisions. Corresponding needs are Creativity, Responsibility and Autonomy.
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Recognition
— Occupations that satisfy this work value offer advancement, potential for leadership, and are often considered prestigious. Corresponding needs are Advancement, Authority, Recognition and Social Status.
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Working Conditions
— Occupations that satisfy this work value offer job security and good working conditions. Corresponding needs are Activity, Compensation, Independence, Security, Variety and Working Conditions.
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Support
— Occupations that satisfy this work value offer supportive management that stands behind employees. Corresponding needs are Company Policies, Supervision: Human Relations and Supervision: Technical.
Related Occupations
Lay Titles
National Wages and Employment Info
Median Wages (2008): $19.84 hourly, $41,270 annual.
Employment (2008): 9,120 employees